內容簡介：本次翻譯實踐材料選自張烈輝教授所著《油氣簡史》，該書為一部石油石化科普著作，將石油天然氣行業所涵蓋的油氣科技知識，以通俗易懂、富有趣味的文字呈現給讀者。該書從油氣的產生、運移、油氣的勘探和開采再到儲存運輸，全方位介紹了油氣及油氣工業相關知識。譯者選取該書第三章所有內容為翻譯材料，主要涵蓋石油開采過程中相關鉆井知識以及鉆井工程中涉及的安全問題，共計16051字。
從文本類型來看，源文本為信息型文本，以傳遞信息為主要目的。其次，從文體特點來看，源文本屬于普通科技文體，集專業性和文學性為一體。有著科技文體所包含的專業詞匯、各種長難句，同時也有科普文體所特有的生動語言、豐富的比喻。為了使譯入語讀者能夠獲得原文讀者有一致的反應，并且在翻譯時確保意義準確傳達的同時盡可能在一定程度上再現源文本風格，譯者選取了尤金·奈達（Eugene Nida）的功能對等理論（Functional Equivalence Theory)對本次翻譯實踐進行指導。
譯文修改：
例1：
ST:油氣藏深埋地下幾百米、幾千米甚至上萬米，上面還嚴嚴實實地覆蓋了—層又一層的巖層，地質家們發現和找到地下油氣藏之后，接下來的任務就是想盡各種辦法，在地下與地面之間建立一個有效的通道，把油氣藏中的“油氣”寶貝弄到地面來，讓她們“飛”進千家萬戶。
TT1:Oil and gas reservoirs are buried hundreds, thousands or even tens of thousands of meters deep underground, andare tightly covered withlayers of rock. Once geologists have discovered and located these reservoirs, the next challenge for drillers is to make every effort to build an effective channel connecting the subsurface to the surface. The goal is to bring the“treasures” of oil and gasfrom the reservoirs to the surface of the ground, so that they canbe distributed forwidespread use.
TT2:Oil and gas reservoirs are buried hundreds, thousands or even tens of thousands of meters deep underground, andare blanketed bylayers of rock. Once geologists have discovered and located these reservoirs, the next task for drillers is to make every effort to build an effective channel connecting the subsurface and the surface, bringing the“oil and gas” treasuresin the reservoirs to the surface of the ground, so that they can“fly”(be transported)into numerous households.
例2：
ST:大家都知道，鉆井的對象是地下的巖石，不像打水井，也就十幾米，而油氣鉆井從地面鉆起，要深達地下幾百米、幾千米甚至上萬米，整個鉆井過程是一個“黑匣子”工程。地下情況復雜、特殊，地層千差萬別，例如地下地層壓力不同，有低壓層，有異常高壓層；有的巖石很堅硬，有的很松軟；有的巖石很致密，有的存在裂縫、溶洞，甚至是大裂縫大溶洞；有的地層可能還含CO2，和有毒氣體如H2S等。
TT1:As we all know, the object of drilling is underground rocks. Unlike drilling water wells, which are only ten meters deep, oil and gas drilling starts from the surface of the ground and goes as deep as hundreds, thousands or even tens of thousands of meters underground.The whole drilling process is like a “black box” project, with unseen complex and special underground conditions and different formations.For example, there are differences in underground pressures, ranging from low-pressure formations to abnormally high-pressure formations. Some rocks are very hard, while others are soft. Some rocks are dense, while others contain cracks, karst caves, and even larger ones. Additionally, some formations may contain CO2or toxic gases such as H2S.
TT2:As we all know, the object of drilling is underground rocks. Unlike drilling water wells, which are only ten meters deep, oil and gas drilling starts from the surface of the ground and goes as deep as hundreds, thousands or even tens of thousands of meters underground.The whole drilling process is like a “black box” project due to the unseen complex and special underground conditions and different formations.For example, there are differences in underground pressures, ranging from low-pressure formations to abnormally high-pressure formations. Some rocks are very hard, while others are soft. Some rocks are dense, while others contain cracks, karst caves, and even larger ones. Additionally, some formations may contain CO2or toxic gases such as H2S.
例3：
ST:①在實際鉆井過程中，鉆井工程師在鉆頭后面安裝上一個儀器（稱之為隨鉆測井儀），②這相當于鉆頭長了“千里眼”，③有了它，在前進的過程中就可以看到地下幾千米甚至十幾千米鉆頭所到之處井眼周圍的情況，④包括是什么樣的巖石、地層流體的組分和壓力、井眼最終目標、途經的地層巖性、分層界面、可能出現的工程復雜情況等，⑤用于指導施工作業，避免在漆黑的夜晚“摔跟頭”，⑥這就是通常所說的測井技術。打個比方，與外科醫生在做微創手術時的內窺鏡相似。
TT1: ①In the actual drilling process, the drilling engineer installs an instrument on the drill bit (called Logging While Drilling tool). ②This is akin to giving the drill bit a“clairvoyance”. ③With it, engineers can observe conditions surrounding the borehole as the drill advances thousands or even tens of thousands of meters underground. ④This includes identifying the types of rocks, the composition and pressure of formation fluids, the ultimate target of the well, the lithology of the traversed formations, stratigraphic interfaces, and potential engineering complexities. ⑤These observations guide construction operations, helping to preventmishaps during the dark of night(fails during drilling). ⑥This is commonly known as logging, and the added instrument on the drill bit is similar to the endoscope used by surgeons during microfracture surgery.
TT2: ①In the drilling process, a device, called Logging While Drilling(LWD) tool is installed on the drill bit by drilling engineers. ②This is akin to giving the drill bit a “Thousand-mile Eye”1. ③With this tool, engineers can see the surrounding conditions of the wellbore several kilometers or even tens of kilometers underground. ④This includes identifying the types of rocks, the composition and pressure of formation fluids, the ultimate target of the well, the lithology of the traversed formations, stratigraphic interfaces, and potential complexities. ⑤These data can guide the drilling operation, preventing“stumbles” in the pitch-black night (accidents during drilling). ⑥This is commonly known as logging, and the logging tool is similar to the endoscope used by surgeons during keyhole surgery.
1 Thousand-mile Eye：One of the immortals in Chinese mythology and folk religious beliefs, often appearing alongside Windaccompanying Ear. In the classic tale,Journey to the West, the Thousand-Mile Eye is a supernatural ability possessed by the character Sun Wukong, also known as the Monkey King. It allows him to see things from great distances, even up to a thousand miles away. This term has been figuratively extended to describe someone with keen observation or insight.
研討反思：本次研討會譯者總共與老師們一起探討了共14個例子，在這里譯者選取了其中最具代表性的三個例子作為展示，并闡述本次研討會的收獲。
第一個例子是對油氣勘探到開發的大致概括，原文作者采用一系列修辭手法將這一過程生動的展示給了大家。“嚴嚴實實地覆蓋”運用疊詞顯示出油氣深埋地下，TT1和TT2兩個版本都表達出了原文的意思，但在和老師們討論過后，決定采用TT2的版本，因為“are blanketed by”更具形象感，使得描述更加生動，并引起讀者對巖層覆蓋油氣儲層這一情景的聯想。其次是，“‘油氣’寶貝”，在TT1中譯者將雙引號給到了“treasure”，在討論過程中老師們指出不能改變作者想要強調的對象，所以譯者將其修改為“‘oil and gas’treasures”。最后是對“飛”這一個字的調整。譯者在TT1中將其具象化以將其如何為千家萬戶所利用，在討論過后選擇保留原文的形式，但為了避免造成誤解采用加注來進行解釋，如TT2所示。
第二個例子主要是針對加粗句子的邏輯問題。譯者對前后兩個句子之間的關系的理解有一定偏差，在首次翻譯是譯者將其理解為伴隨關系，但經過討論以及查閱一些平行文本后發現兩者實則為因果關系，因此在老師的建議下譯者使用“due to”這一短語將前后兩個句子連接起來并將其邏輯關系表現出來。
最后一個例子，作者將錄井時要用到的隨鉆測井儀比作“千里眼”，譯者在第一次翻譯時將“千里眼”譯成“clairvoyance”，在查閱劍橋詞典后，發現這兩者在意義上有一定區別。“千里眼”是中國神話及民間宗教信仰中的神仙之一，常與順風耳一同出現。它常常用來說明一個人眼睛能看清千里之外的東西，形容目光敏銳，看得極遠。而“clairvoyance”的英語釋義為“a person who says they have powers to see the future or see things that other people cannot see”，顯然跟作者想要表達的意思不太一致。所以再商討后，譯者借鑒了《西游記》英譯版中對“千里眼”翻譯，并采用腳注的方式對該詞的來源和文化含義進行解釋，這樣既保留了原作的風格保留一定的文本特點，同時還能傳播中國文化。“摔跟頭”一詞也決定采用加注的方式，保留原文語言風格的同時做出解釋，讓讀者能更好的理解。
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