匯報(bào)時(shí)間：2022年11月24日18:30-20:00
匯報(bào)地點(diǎn)：騰訊會(huì)議 341-880-708
匯報(bào)學(xué)生：杜明珠
指導(dǎo)教師：呂旭英
匯報(bào)題目：《大慶精神》（第132至168頁）漢英翻譯實(shí)踐報(bào)告
參與導(dǎo)師： 呂旭英、王志林、楊娜
內(nèi)容簡介：
本次翻譯報(bào)告中的翻譯材料源自外文局翻譯項(xiàng)目，是中國外文局為講好中國共產(chǎn)黨治國理政故事，塑造可信可愛可敬的中國形象，而編著的弘揚(yáng)社會(huì)主義的學(xué)術(shù)專著?！洞髴c精神》全文共計(jì)71514字，譯者負(fù)責(zé)翻譯該書的第132頁至168頁的內(nèi)容，既有專業(yè)性的石油科技文本，又有敘事性歷史故事，還有具有中國特色社會(huì)主義的外宣文本。
文本特點(diǎn): 全書帶有紀(jì)實(shí)性文學(xué)或報(bào)告文學(xué)的特征，涉及哲學(xué)、政治、時(shí)政、中國文化、地方特色、石油科技和國內(nèi)外歷史背景，時(shí)而抽象，時(shí)而敘事，時(shí)而正式，時(shí)而隨意，文體風(fēng)格多變。
詞匯: 具有濃厚的當(dāng)?shù)靥厣?，比如樸?shí)、簡單的口語詞；反映中國傳統(tǒng)文化的文化負(fù)載詞。
句子：句式結(jié)構(gòu)松散且主語常變化，多為漢語流水句，按照原文語序直譯容易模糊段落重點(diǎn)，因此需要譯者根據(jù)句意來調(diào)整句式結(jié)構(gòu)，建立邏輯。
語篇：內(nèi)容文體風(fēng)格多變，既有專業(yè)性較強(qiáng)的石油科技類描述性文本，又有用語生活化的小說類敘事文本，還有嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)恼晤愅庑谋?，譯者需要根據(jù)文本的文體語言風(fēng)格來進(jìn)行語篇層面的翻譯?？萍碱愇谋?，在準(zhǔn)確查找專業(yè)術(shù)語的基礎(chǔ)上，大多采用直譯的翻譯方法，忠實(shí)再現(xiàn)科技文本內(nèi)容；小說類則要從實(shí)現(xiàn)譯文的可讀性出發(fā)，盡量采用意譯的翻譯方法，實(shí)現(xiàn)文本的交際意義對(duì)等；而政治文本，則要具備政治敏感度，參照以往國家政策性文件的專有句式結(jié)構(gòu)來翻譯。
譯文修改：
例1：
ST: 黃友書修鞋的行動(dòng)受到領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的重視和支持，會(huì)戰(zhàn)工委領(lǐng)導(dǎo)決定分給他一個(gè)舊板房，讓他開個(gè)修鞋鋪，免得到處打游擊，還讓各食堂把豬皮都送給黃友書修鞋用。
TT1: In addition, the Working Committee in the oil campaign attached great importance to and supported Huang’s behavior, provided him with an old board house for his work, and asked canteens to give him pig skins as raw materials for mending.
TT2: Huang’s work received the attention and support of the Working Committee in the oil campaign who decided to give him an old board room as his workshop so that he didn’t have to travel around. Pigskin was also sent to him from the canteens to use as mending materials.
例2：
ST: 1950年，也就是玉門油礦獲得解放回到人民手中的第二年。當(dāng)時(shí)油田招工，王進(jìn)喜通過兩次考試成為新中國第一代鉆井工人。1956年，他加入中國共產(chǎn)黨并于同年擔(dān)任了鉆井隊(duì)貝烏五隊(duì)的隊(duì)長。從1950年當(dāng)上鉆井工人，到1960年他帶領(lǐng)貝烏五隊(duì)到大慶參加石油大會(huì)戰(zhàn)，這10年是王進(jìn)喜奮發(fā)圖強(qiáng)的10年，也是他不斷成長、成熟的重要時(shí)期。
TT1: 1950 marks the second year that Yumen Oilfield has been liberated. At that time, when the oil field recruited workers, Wang Jinxi passed two examinations to become the first generation of oil drilling workers in the PRC. In 1956, he was admitted to the Chinese Communist Party and assigned as the captain of Bewu No.5 team. From a drilling worker in 1950 to a captain leading his drilling crew to participate in the oil campaign in 1960. Ten years of hard work honed his drilling skills.
TT2: 1950 marked the second year that Yumen Oilfield was in the hands of New China. After two examinations, Wang Jinxi became one of the first generations of oil drilling workers in the PRC. In 1956, he was admitted to the Chinese Communist Party and appointed as the Bewu No. 5 Drilling Team leader. A decade between the 1950s and 1960s honed the Iron Man.
例3：
ST: 建筑過程中遇到的困難難以盡述。進(jìn)大興安嶺拉運(yùn)木材的運(yùn)輸隊(duì)，冒著嚴(yán)寒，跋山涉水，自己收集木材，吃冷饃、喝涼水，戰(zhàn)泥濘，千里迢迢，拉出了大量的木材；采油、水電、機(jī)械加工等工種采取一人頂兩人的崗位，擠出一部分人突擊“干打壘”；鉆井隊(duì)伍和各級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)、科研、設(shè)計(jì)工作人員上班時(shí)間干工作，業(yè)余時(shí)間搞“干打壘”。
TT1: There are countless challenges in the construction. For example, some workers, enduring the cold weather, crossing hills, and rivers, transported timber from Greater Khingan to the construction site. They could only eat cold steamed bread and drink cold water on the way. Besides, due to the shortage of workers, one often wore many hats, including oil exploration, water and electricity supply, and mechanical processing, and the rest of the workers went to build rammed-earth houses. Moreover, drilling workers, government officials, and technicians buried themselves in work during office hours, while participating in house construction during off-hour.
TT2: There were indescribable challenges during the construction of these dwellings. For example, some workers, with just cold food to eat and cold water to drink, had to cross hills and rivers in the bitter cold, transporting timber all the way from Da Hinggan Range to the construction site on the muddy roads. Besides, due to the shortage of hands, workers who were in charge of exploration, water and electricity supply, and mechanical processing had to take on several different roles to help with the building of the rammed-earth houses. Moreover, drilling workers, officials, and technicians, after their work duties during regular office hours, went directly to the house construction project during their off-hours.
研討反思：
通過此次研討會(huì)，我不僅對(duì)翻譯有了進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識(shí)，還了解了一些案例分析的寫作技巧，主要收獲有以下幾點(diǎn)：
第一、文學(xué)翻譯不僅僅是兩種語言之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，更是兩種文化的跨文化交流過程。譯者不僅需要準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)源語言的內(nèi)含意思，還需要將作者的思想感情表達(dá)出來。Eg. “晚上，他還走家串戶為職工家屬服務(wù)。” “When night time came, he would go door to door to work for the families of the workers.”一個(gè)“還”字，揭示了文學(xué)作品主人公白天辛勤為石油職工修鞋，來回穿梭于不同的工作場所，甚至晚上還不能休息，依然要走家串戶為職工家屬進(jìn)行修鞋服務(wù)，生動(dòng)體現(xiàn)了主人公的奉獻(xiàn)精神。所以，要在原有譯文基礎(chǔ)上增添程度副詞even，更能傳達(dá)中國工人階級(jí)為人民服務(wù)的思想感情。
第二、多主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的漢英翻譯實(shí)踐中，主語和謂語的選擇尤為重要。因?yàn)闈h語為語義型語言，注重內(nèi)容的意會(huì)性，主語可由諸多不同類別的詞語充當(dāng)，構(gòu)句方式相對(duì)靈活；英語為語法型語言，主語突出，且只能由名詞或名詞性的詞語充當(dāng)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)受形式邏輯制約，較為完整和嚴(yán)密。謂語的確定與主語的選擇密切相關(guān)，還需兼顧表意和構(gòu)句的需要，即考慮英語語法規(guī)范、搭配習(xí)慣以及邏輯關(guān)系等問題。因此在翻譯時(shí)，要牢記以上漢英語言之間的差異，從而進(jìn)行漢英語言的轉(zhuǎn)換。
第三、在進(jìn)行案例分析時(shí)，需要增加翻譯方法和翻譯技巧。翻譯方法和翻譯技巧是前人翻譯實(shí)踐的經(jīng)驗(yàn)的總結(jié)，對(duì)于翻譯實(shí)踐有解困釋難的作用。因此，譯者進(jìn)行案例分析時(shí)，在結(jié)合翻譯理論分析文本的基礎(chǔ)上，還需要根據(jù)中英文語言特點(diǎn)，運(yùn)用不同的翻譯方法和翻譯技巧來指導(dǎo)翻譯實(shí)踐。
