匯報時間：2022年12月22日18:30-20:00
匯報地點：騰訊會議
匯報學生：敬金
指導教師：孔令翠
匯報題目：《中國超級水電工程生態(tài)環(huán)境工程創(chuàng)新技術》（序言至第一章）漢英翻譯實踐報告
參與導師：龍仕文、阮先玉、李立平
內(nèi)容簡介：
翻譯材料選自介紹糯扎渡水電站工程的專著《大國重器--中國超級水電工程·糯扎渡卷》的分冊《生態(tài)環(huán)境工程創(chuàng)新技術》序言和第一章的內(nèi)容，其中序言主要概括說明糯扎渡水電站工程在建設過程中實現(xiàn)科研、技術突破，踐行綠色發(fā)展理念，實施環(huán)保、水保各項措施，保護當?shù)佤~類和珍稀植物，做到節(jié)能減排，有效抗旱、防洪，實現(xiàn)通航效益，帶動地區(qū)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。第一章描述了糯扎渡水電站工程對環(huán)境的有利影響和不利影響，突出原國家環(huán)境保護總局對工程環(huán)境影響的詳細要求及水利部對工程水土保持方案的詳細要求。
在翻譯該文本的過程中對難點進行了提煉，具體如下：
1. 詞語風格處理：科技文本中的詞語風格處理，該翻譯材料中存在帶有文氣的詞語，與工程類文本風格不符，需要脫離詞語形式，翻譯出詞語意思。
2. 專業(yè)背景知識&術語理解：水電工程類專業(yè)背景知識欠缺，且文本中存在大量專業(yè)術語，目前掌握的術語庫不夠全面，導致對原文理解存在一定困難。
3. 長句理解&行文邏輯梳理&英文表達：科技文本中的長句處理問題，該翻譯材料中存在大量長句，句中信息多，層次結(jié)構(gòu)不明顯，需要按照英文表達習慣對原文進行長句拆分，調(diào)整語序，建立邏輯。
譯文修改：
例1：
ST: 該工程在建成前，我國已建超過100m高的心墻堆石壩較少，糯扎渡跨越了100m的臺階，超出了我國現(xiàn)行規(guī)范的適用范圍，已有的筑壩技術和經(jīng)驗已不能滿足超高心墻堆石壩建設的需求。
TT1: Before completion of this station, fewer core of earth rock-fill dams in China are higher than 100m. In reality, however, the maximum dam height of Nuozhadu Hydropower Station must breakthrough the limitation of 100 meters, which exceeds the range of application of existing specifications. That means the existing construction technology and experience may fail to meet the requirements of the construction of earth rock-fill dam of super-high core wall.
TT2: Before the completion of the Project, China had built few earth rock-fill dams with core wall of over 100m high. However, Nuozhadu Hydropower Station, far more than 100 meters, finds no application of existing construction technology and experience to meet the requirements of the construction of earth rock-fill dam of super-high core wall.
例2：
ST:以昆明院總工程師、全國工程設計大師張宗亮為技術總負責的產(chǎn)學研用項目團隊開展了十余年的研發(fā)和工程實踐，在人工碎石摻礫防滲土料成套技術、軟巖堆石料在上游壩殼的利用、土石料靜動力本構(gòu)模型、心墻水力劈裂機制、裂縫計算分析方法、成套設計準則、安全綜合評價體系等方面取得創(chuàng)新成果均達到國際領先水平，確保了大壩的成功建設。
TT1: An engineering team for IURP (Industry-University-Research-Practice), Zhang, Zongliang, the chief engineer of Kunming Ltd. and the national great engineering survey design masters, as the chief technical principal, spends more than 10 years persistently studying to fill gaps in research and development and engineering practice, finally cracks this hard nut. The team has blazed many new trails: they are technology of impervious materials composed of natural clay mixed with artificial graded crush stones, the idea of using soft rock material in the upstream, static constitutive model about earth-rock mixtures, mechanism of hydraulic fracturing of core wall, crack calculation analysis method, complete testing system design, and synthetic appraisal system for project safety, all of which have stood in the international leading level and become the pivotal force for Nuozhadu Hydropower Station’s success.
TT2: Having spent more than 10 years persistently in research and development and engineering practices, the engineering team for IURP (Industry-University-Research-Practice), led by the chief technical principal Zhang Zongliang, the chief engineer of Kunming Institute and the national master of engineering design, has blazed many new trails finally, including the technology package of impervious materials of artificial graded crushed stones mixed with natural gravels, the idea of using soft rock material in the upstream shell, the static/dynamic constitutive model of earth-rock mixtures, the hydraulic fracturing mechanism of core wall, the calculation and analysis method of cracks, the complete design criteria, and the synthetic appraisal system for safety, all of which have stood in the international leading level and become the pivotal force for the success of Nuozhadu Hydropower Station Project.
例3：
ST:土石壩由于其具有對地質(zhì)條件適應性強、能就地取材、建筑物開挖料利用充分、水泥用量少、工程經(jīng)濟效益好等優(yōu)點，在水電開發(fā)中得到了廣泛應用和快速發(fā)展，尤其是在西南高山峽谷地區(qū)，由于其交通及地形地質(zhì)等條件的制約，土石壩的優(yōu)勢尤為明顯。
TT1: Earth-rock dam with rapid development is a dam type applied widely in hydropower construction at home for it has some obvious advantages including strong adaptability, material accessibility, full use of excavated material, less cement consumption and good economic benefits. Especially in the high-mountain-and-gorge areas in the southwest of China, hindered by its natural traffic, topographic and geological conditions, the earth-rock dam becomes a particular priority.
TT2:Earth-rock dam has good adaptability, material accessibility, full use of excavated material, low cement consumption and promising economic benefits. And it is more applicable especially in the high-mountain-and-deep-gorge areas in the southwest of China hindered by public traffic, and topographic and geological conditions. Therefore, the earth-rock dam is widely applied in hydropower construction at home and well developed in these areas.
研討反思：
通過此次翻譯研討，對翻譯的過程有了更加清楚的認識，主要的收獲有以下四點：
第一、深入理解詞語意思，通過翻譯研討過程中與同學和老師的案例討論，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對文本詞語的理解不夠深入，被詞語的形式束縛，原因就在于對詞語意思的揣摩還不夠，缺乏深入思考，還要不斷打磨譯文。
第二、閱讀平行文本的重要性，老師在案例討論過程中著重強調(diào)的一個問題就是，科技文本涉及很多專業(yè)背景知識和專業(yè)術語，必須要多找多閱讀平行文本，選擇使用頻率高的術語譯文，才能準確、完整地表達出術語的意思。
第三、溯源主語、一句一句理清邏輯，工程類科技文本長難句較多，信息多，中文句式揉雜，層次結(jié)構(gòu)不明顯，在翻譯過程中，需要找到準確的主語，按照英文表達習慣對原文進行長句拆分，調(diào)整語序，才能不被原文的句式影響，才能寫出地道的英文譯文。
第四、翻譯簡潔，在翻譯研討過程中，有很多句子很啰嗦，前后重復，導致目的語讀者理解困難，所以我們在保證譯文準確性的基礎上還需要注意表達的簡潔性。
