匯報時間：2022年12月22日20:00-21:30
匯報地點：騰訊會議911-260-505
匯報學生：王瑗
指導教師：孫越川
匯報題目：《中國超級水電工程生態環境工程創新技術》（第九章至第十章）漢英翻譯實踐報告
參與導師：孫越川、張之帆、何姍
內容簡介：
《中國超級水電工程生態環境工程創新技術》是一本水電工程類專著。該專著屬于國家出版基金——《大國重器 中國超級水電工程·糯扎渡卷》之《中國超級水電工程生態環境工程創新技術》分冊。原文由中國電建集團昆明勘測設計研究院與成都勘測設計研究院共同完成，主要總結了糯扎渡水電站中采用的工程創新技術。
譯者的文本內容為該專著的第九章生活垃圾處理工程、第十章結語與展望。第九章生活垃圾處理工程主要介紹了糯扎渡水電站在生活垃圾處理上所使用的創新技術。以生活垃圾排放特征、國家相關政策要求、水電工程生活垃圾主要處理模式及應用情況、生活垃圾處理工程設計、實施情況和效果分析、工程設計創新點及亮點、存在問題及建議分別進行闡述。第十章則是對全書進行了概括總結。分別對疊梁門分層取水工程、魚類增殖站工程、珍稀植物園工程、動物救護站工程、水土保持工程、移民安置環境保護工程、高濃度砂石廢水處理工程、生活垃圾處理工程創新技術進行了高度的概括總結。
在翻譯該文本的過程中對難點進行了提煉，具體如下：
1、專業背景知識：水電工程類專業背景知識欠缺，涉及到的專業工藝流程較多，理解上有一定困難。
2、 術語確定：文本中存在大量專業術語，查找僅能確定一部分，還需多途徑多方求證。
3、在三個層面進行分析：
（1）在詞匯層面，主要探討增減譯、詞性轉換；
（2）在句法層面，主要著眼于句序調整、長句拆分；
（3）在篇章層面，主要分析上下文形式一致。
譯文修改：
例1：
ST: 昆明院作為電站設計單位也不例外，對環境保護水土保持的總體設計或專項設計都本著高標準、嚴要求的原則，在四新技術的應用方面不遺余力，在基礎研究匱乏，并缺乏可資借鑒的成熟經驗和技術的情況下，大膽探索，勇于創新。
TT1: Kunming Institute, the Designer of the power station, is no exception to the principle of high quality and strict requirements for the overall design or special design of environmental protection and soil conservation. It spares no effort in the application of “four new technologies” (new technique, process, materials and equipment), boldly exploring and innovating in the absence of basic research, mature experience and technology.
TT2: Kunming Institute, the Designer of the power station, is no exception to the principle of high quality and strict requirements for the overall design or special design of environmental protection and soil conservation. It spares no effort in the application of new technique, new process, new materials and new equipment, boldly exploring and innovating in the absence of basic research, mature experience and technology.
例2：
ST: 目前國內外對生活垃圾的處理方式主要有四種：衛生填埋、焚燒、堆肥和綜合處理，其中綜合處理是指以分類回收為前提所開展的無害化、資源化和減量化為目標，集堆肥、焚燒和填埋為一體的綜合處理方式，其特點是可使垃圾得到合理處理和利用，克服了單一填埋、焚燒和堆肥的缺點，但投資較大，操作工序復雜，管理水平要求高，運行成本也較大，較適合大中型城鎮的生活垃圾處理。
TT1: At present, there are mainly four methods to dispose domestic refuse at home and abroad: sanitary landfill, incineration, composting and comprehensive treatment. Among them, the comprehensive treatment method is a comprehensive treatment method integrated with composting, incineration and landfilling, with the goal of harmless, recycling and reducing treatment based on the premise of classification and recycling. Its characteristics are that garbage can be reasonably treated and utilized without the shortcomings of single landfill, incineration and composting. Nevertheless, it has some defects such as strong investment, complicated operation process, high management requirements and high operating costs. Thus, this model is more suitable for domestic waste treatment in large and medium-sized cities and towns.
TT2: At present, domestic refuse at home and abroad are usually disposed by means of sanitary landfill, incineration, composting and comprehensive treatment. Among them, the comprehensive treatment method is a comprehensive treatment method integrated with composting, incineration and landfilling, with the goal of harmless, recycling and reducing treatment based on the premise of classification and recycling. Its characteristics are that garbage can be reasonably treated and utilized without the shortcomings of single landfill, incineration and composting. Nevertheless, it has some defects such as strong investment, complicated operation process, high management requirements and high operating costs. Thus, this model is more suitable for domestic waste treatment in large and medium-sized cities and towns.
例3：
ST: 在糯扎渡水電站集中移民安置點生活污水處理工程設計中，昆明院根據《農村生活污染防治技術政策》，考慮了大中型水電工程地處山區，移民安置點之間距離較遠，居民生活污水難以統一收集后再集中處理的特點，參照國內農村分散污水處理的先進經驗，制定了一套以集中安置點為單元，以分流制污水管網收集住戶、公廁等生活污水，然后再統一由污水處理站（以濕地為主的小型化污水處理設施）集中處理的污水處理技術路線。
TT1: In the design of the domestic sewage treatment works for the centralized resettlement sites of Nuozhadu Hydropower Station, according to the Rural Domestic Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Policy, Kunming Institute prepares a technical roadmap for sewage treatment by taking the centralized resettlement site as unit, collecting domestic sewage of households and public toilets by separate sewage networks, and centralized treatment of the sewage treatment station (small sewage treatment facilities of wetlands), in consideration of the features that large and medium-sized hydropower projects are located in mountainous, and the distance between one resettlement and the other resettlement is relatively far, and that it is difficult to collect and treat domestic sewage from residents in a centralized manner, and referring to the advanced experience of decentralized sewage treatment in rural areas in China.
TT2: In the design of the domestic sewage treatment works for the centralized resettlement sites of Nuozhadu Hydropower Station, Kunming Institute prepares a technical roadmap for sewage treatment according to the Rural Domestic Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Policy, by taking the centralized resettlement site as unit, collecting domestic sewage of households and public toilets by separate sewage networks, and centralized treatment of the sewage treatment station (small sewage treatment facilities of wetlands), in consideration of the features that large and medium-sized hydropower projects are located in mountainous, and the distance between one resettlement and the other resettlement is relatively far, and that it is difficult to collect and treat domestic sewage from residents in a centralized manner, and referring to the advanced experience of decentralized sewage treatment in rural areas in China.
研討反思：
通過此次研討，增加了我對翻譯的認識，主要的收獲有以下三點：
第一、術語統一的重要性。專著具有篇幅較長、字數較多的特點，常以合譯形式出現。所以應與合譯的譯者一同保持術語的統一性、規范性；
第二、確認源語中是否存在缺少標點符號。源語中有多處讀不通、明顯缺少標點的情況，這會極大地影響譯者的理解和翻譯。所以應先仔細校對原文，進行求證、標注后再進行恰當的翻譯；
第三、注重用詞的準確性。在翻譯研討過程中，需斟酌考究備選詞。比如：“土著魚類”，選用native fishes, indigenous fishes, local fishes哪一個是最合適的。所以在翻譯選詞時，我們應該多查閱相關資料，選取最適合的譯詞。
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